diff --git a/archetypes/default.md b/archetypes/default.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45bd427 --- /dev/null +++ b/archetypes/default.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +--- +title: {{ replace .File.ContentBaseName "-" " " | title }} +description: null +date: {{ .Date }} +image: /favicon.png +draft: false +category: article +--- + diff --git a/content/posts/windows-grub-efi.md b/content/posts/windows-grub-efi.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b41d6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/content/posts/windows-grub-efi.md @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +--- +title: Fixing a windows EFI boot directory +description: Because I can't into Grub +date: 2023-10-27T18:27:05-07:00 +image: /favicon.png +draft: false +category: article +--- + +# Context + +After making my usual Debian drive unusable ( thanks Nvidia ) from an +`apt upgrade` I found myself re-installing Debian all over again. Luckily +I keep my `/home` and `/` mounted on separate partitions so this was +pretty easy. When it came time to pick a drive to boot off of however I comletely +forgot that I had a Windows drive that I had been using to jankily boot off of. + +_Sidenote_: I only forgot because I never bothered to remedy the situation of +being forced to smack F12 9999 times every time I booted for a few months. :shrug: + +After re-installing Debian and getting setup once more I went to boot into +Windows since I had some avatar modeling I wanted to do and.... couldn't boot. + +# Discovering what happened + +From Debian, check where the `/boot` is mounted to. +In my case I have drives `sda` and `sdb` which contain Debian and Windows data +respectively. I found the following + +1. `/boot` was mounted to `sdb` +2. `/boot/efi/EFI/` did not contain any sort of Windows folder + +:mag: **HINT:** there are tools in Debian repos to repair this folder however +I tested literally none so good luck. + +Basically the new Grub installation had wiped out the old `/boot` partition +which I never paid attention to and removed it :facepalm: hence why it had +no Windows section. Normally an `update-grub` would suffice **if** that folder +was present but this was not enough. + +# Solution + +To make Windows bootable I setup a Windows installation USB drive using dd as such: + +```bash + +dd if=/path/to/Windows.iso of=/dev/ status=progress +``` + +Also this will hang when it gets to the end but seriously just give it some time +because it basically has to verify everything after it's been copied over. + +Finally I found this post on superuser which shows how to bring back the EFI +bootloader for windows so that Grub create a new entry for it and we can boot +like normal :arrow_right: [answer](https://superuser.com/a/1444266) + +# Raw paste of Solution from 🌐 [superuser](https://superuser.com/a/1444266) +In case that answer ever gets clobbered here is the raw paste: + + +The other answers given here work great on MBR/BIOS systems, however if you're +on a UEFI system like I am, bootsect will just write a semi-functional boot MBR +over the [🌐 GPT protective MBR and bootrec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Protective_MBR_(LBA_0)) +just gives an "Access denied" error message, and neither one has a functional +option to fix a broken [🌐 EFI system partition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFI_system_partition), +which on a UEFI/GPT drive is what +contains the bootloader that used to be stored in the MBR. There's unfortunately +almost no up-to-date guides on fixing the UEFI Windows Boot Manager (almost all +of them just say to run the graphical Startup Repair utility, but that doesn't +fix the problem in all cases), but I finally found the correct solution buried +in [🌐 this article](https://www.partitionwizard.com/clone-disk/bootrec-fixboot-access-is-denied.html), +which requires the use of the [🌐 bcdboot](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/bcdboot-command-line-options-techref-di) command instead: + +1. Grab the [🌐 Media Creation Tool](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10), make yourself a Windows 10 installation DVD or USB drive, and then boot into it. + +2. When prompted, choose "Repair your computer", followed by "Troubleshoot", "Advanced Options", and finally "Command Prompt". + +3. Run `diskpart` and then `list disk`. Note the disk number for the disk with your EFI system partition (ESP). + +4. Select that disk with `select disk x` (where `x` is the disk number from the last step). + +5. Run `list volume`. Note the volume number for your EFI system partition (ESP). + +6. Now do `select volume x` (where `x` is the volume number for the ESP) and then +`assign letter=N:` to mount the partition. Run `list volume` again and note that +the ESP is now assigned a driver letter. Run `exit` to leave `diskpart`. + +7. (Optional) If you are not currently dual booting and want to fully clean the +ESP before writing a new bootloader, run `format N: /FS:FAT32` to reformat it as +FAT32. This is probably not necessary under normal circumstances, however, as +`bcdboot` seems to do a good job of cleaning things up itself. Especially **do not +do this if you have a Linux distro on another partition** or else you'll have to +reinstall GRUB as well once you're done with this. Also note that the following +steps should not affect an EFI GRUB install as long as you do not otherwise +delete GRUB's existing directory on the ESP. + +8. Finally, write the new bootloader to the partition with `bcdboot C:\windows /s N: /f UEFI`. +This command rebuilds a new UEFI-compatible bootloader on the ESP mounted at `N:` +using the Windows installation mounted at C:\windows. Once it's done, you can +verify the new bootloader was written by running `dir N:\EFI`, where you should +see a `Microsoft directory` containing the new Windows Boot Manager as well as a +`boot directory` containing the fallback bootloader (along with other directories +for any other bootloaders you have installed, such as GRUB for Linux). + +9. (Optional) If you are dual booting, you will probably need to boot into your +Linux distro and run `sudo update-grub` to allow the GRUB scripts to detect and +add the new Windows bootloader. + +10. Now boot into your BIOS setup and make sure "Windows Boot Manager" (or GRUB, +if you're dual-booting) is set as the top boot choice. Save and reboot and +you'll finally be back in Windows (or GRUB). + + +Here are some links to help you understand EFI stuff ( because I still don't ) + +* https://askubuntu.com/questions/1144636/three-questions-on-boot-efi-and-boot-mountpoints +* https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/use-bootrec-exe-in-the-windows-re-to-troubleshoot-startup-issues-902ebb04-daa3-4f90-579f-0fbf51f7dd5d